96 CULTIVAR ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES No. 35 Olive groves and olive oil Figure 9 – Experimental plots at Herdade do Reguengo (INIAV, Elvas, Portugal) and the location of soil probes, dendrometers and the weather station Note: the white circles indicatethe location of the three monitored trees; in ascending order of NDWI: blue < yellow < green. collection of data relevant to Life Cycle Assessment and to the evaluation of CO₂ sequestration potential (Table 1). Correlations are sought between the information received from the various types of sensors and direct field measurements. In general, the integration of different monitoring approaches will enable the optimisation of data collection in the olive grove, balancing accuracy, cost and operational feasibility. (satellite images) in the agroforestry digitisation of processes throughout the value chain through the generation, validation and transfer of knowledge in advanced, innovative and digital technologies to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the agri-food sector in the EUROACE Euroregion1 . With regard to olive trees, assessments are currently underway on experimental plots of intensive olive groves of the ‘Galega Vulgar’ and ‘Picual’ varieties, cultivated both on rainfed and irrigated land, and on a plot of hedgerow olive groves of the ‘Arbequina’ variety. The monitoring plots were selected on the basis of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, using the Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI). On the map (Figure 9), this index is represented by colours ranging from blue to green. For each variety and irrigation regime, three sampling points were defined, corresponding to different levels of water availability: low (blue), medium (yellow) and high (green). As part of the application of innovative technologies for agroforestry digitisation, we have been using digital tools for monitoring and managing the olive grove, enabling the Figure 10 – Non-destructive measurements using the LI600 porometer/fluorometer (top) and the Dualex (bottom) on olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) 1 The Alentejo-Centro-Extremadura Euroregion (EUROACE) is a cross-border and inter-regional cooperation partnership dating back to the 1990s, but formalised in 2009, comprising the regions of the Alentejo and Center (Portugal) and of Extremadura (Spain) covering more than 100,000 km² and encompassing around 3.5 million inhabitants. Its aim is to promote joint development, competitiveness and innovation, whilst improving the quality of life in these territories. [Editor’s note]
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