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Editorial 11 In the ‘Reviews’ section, we analyse the following: a study by Francisco Campello for Agro.Ges, ‘Sustainability of olive groves in Portugal – challenges and responses’; a recent Special Report by the European Court of Auditors, ‘Control systems for olive oil in the EU – A comprehensive framework, but unevenly applied’; the European Union–Mercosur Partnership Agreement and its role, particularly in the case of Brazil, in terms of its impact on the olive oil sector in Portugal; a study by Pedro Reis, of INIAV, entitled ‘Olive groves in Portugal – dynamics, technologies and their relationship with rural development’; and, finally, the chapters relevant to the olive grove and olive oil sector from Eugénio Castro Caldas’s book, Agriculture in the History of Portugal. This second sector-specific edition of CULTIVAR also includes a supplement, authored by Rui Trindade with the collaboration of Helena Alegre from GPP, which brings together statistical data on the evolution of the olive and olive oil sector. It begins with a global overview offering the reader a panorama of the sector worldwide, before focusing on the European Union and finally centring on Portugal, with an analysis that is both more comprehensive and more specific regarding the various aspects of this crop in our country. This zooming in on the olive-growing and olive oil sector clearly shows the olive grove as one of the Mediterranean’s principal agricultural landscapes and reveals the impact of the sector’s recent modernisation and increased competitiveness, whilst also drawing attention to the challenges it faces in relation to climate change, water management and sustainability.

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