Evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy 61 Evolution of the EU Treaties Evolution of CAP reforms 2001: Treaty of Nice It aims to reform the institutional structure of the EU in order to meet the challenges of the forthcoming enlargement, with the accession of ten countries from Central and Eastern Europe, as well as Cyprus and Malta. The European Parliament's legislative and supervisory powers are increased. Mid-term review of the CAP 2003 (Fischler reform) • Introduction of the single payment scheme • Decoupling of direct production support, based on historical CAP support entitlements. • Introduction of cross-compliance. 2007 reform • European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) and European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) replace European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF). • Asingle Common Market Organisation (CMO) replaces the 21 CMOs. 2008 CAP Health Check • Simplification and improvement of CAP efficiency. • Adaptation of market support and a first approach to certain challenges, such as climate change and the protection of biodiversity and natural resources. • Decision to end the quota system with the establishment of a soft landing (gradual increase in quotas). 2007: Treaty of Lisbon (entered into force in 2009) The Treaty places the European Parliament, as co-legislator, on an equal footing with the Council in areas such as setting the EU budget, agricultural policy and justice and home affairs. Codecision is extended to new areas and is now referred to as the ‘ordinary legislative procedure’. 2013 reform • Introduction of a system of component payments, abandoning the previous system of single payments. Adoption of new environmental rules through Greening. • Encouragement of a fairer distribution of funds – redistributive payments – and increased investment in rural development projects. • End of milk and sugar quotas. 2021-2027 reform – New CAP model, allowing • more flexibility for Member States in implementation through Strategic Plans, while maintaining the common nature of the CAP through annual monitoring based on common indicators to ensure that the specific objectives of the CAP are met. • renaming of the basic income support payment scheme for sustainability, with a cap on aid to each beneficiary. • introduction of social conditionality to improve working conditions in the sector. • attempt to respond to the high initial ambition of the European Green Deal, focusing on a results-oriented approach. • Member States are required to allocate a minimum portion of their budget (ring-fencing) to ecological schemes, within direct payments, and actions related to the environment, climate and animal welfare, under the EAFRD. Proposed Reform for 2028-2034 • Merging of the EAGF and EAFRD into the National and Regional Partnership Fund (NRPF), implemented through National and Regional Partnership Plans (NRPP). • Based on the 2021 Reform, the proposal aims for a more flexible and results-oriented CAP, with a fairer and more focused distribution of income support, supporting resilience and competitiveness and climate and environmental action. • The CMO Regulation is revised with a view to –contributing to healthy eating through school schemes, –creating a sector for protein crops, –introducing commercial standards and improving the preparation and availability of agricultural products in the event of emergencies.
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